Ed's first scientific job was as a research assistant in Dr Herman Witkin's "Cognition and Perception Laboratory" at Educational Testing Service (ETS) in Princeton NJ, where he studied the relationship between cognitive style (field dependence-independence) and cerebral lateralization, and memory during sleep.
He received his Ph.D. in experimental psychology in 1983 from New York University, where he worked on the development of some of the earliest magnetoencephalography machines in the laboratory of Lloyd Kaufman and Sam Williamson. His thesis presented the first non-invasive measurement of retinotopic mapping of primary visual cortex in human subjects.
During his post-doctoral fellowship with Ivan Bodis-Wollner at Mount Sinai Hospital/City University of New York he worked on a variety of studies of clinically relevant issues in vision, in both humans and animals.
He next went on to become director of the electrophysiology laboratory in the Department of Biological Psychiatry at the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, where he participated in studies of depression and schizophrenia.
From 1989 to 1997 he was Technical Director of the Center for Magnetoencephalography at the Albuquerque Veterans Medical Center and held faculty positions in the Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Radiology at the University of New Mexico.
Ed joined the Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory in 1997 to develop a functional MRI program and to collaborate on the integration of neuroimaging modalities.